SYSTEMATIC REVIEW TENTANG PENGARUH OBESITAS TERHADAP KEJADIAN KOMPLIKASI DIABETES MELITUS TIPE DUA
Keywords:
Obesity;, Type Two Diabetes Mellitus;
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem whose numbers continue to increase from yearmto year. Obesity is an independent risk factor for dyslipidemia, hypertension,hyperglycemia which results in complications and causes of death for someone suffering from diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a
group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia that occurs due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, as well as insulin action even both. Diabetes Mellitus is one of today's global health threats. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine hormone disorder characterized by decreased insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion and accounts for 90% of total diabete mellitus events. This systematic review aims to evaluate the influence of obesity on the incidence of complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This systematic review was carried out by searching for studies on PubMed, NCBI, Clinical Key, Google Scholar, Science Direct, or the National Library, and the studies observed were studies published in 2015-2020 in Indonesian and English. The results of the study search were obtained as many as 12,911 studies and 30 studies that met the study inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on the systematic review evaluation was drawn conclusions, it was found that 25 studies (83%) indicates that there is an influence of obesity on the incidence of complications of type two diabetes mellitus
References
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Al-Rubeaan, K., Abu El-Asrar, A. M., Youssef, A. M., Subhani, S. N., Ahmad, N. A., Al-Sharqawi, A. H., et all. (2015). Diabetic retinopathy and its risk factors in a society with a type 2 diabetes epidemic: a Saudi National Diabetes Registry-based study. Acta ophthalmologica, 93(2), e140–e147.
Amilia, Y., Saraswati, L, D., (2018). Hubungan Pengetahuan, Dukungan Keluarga Serta Perilaku Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Terhadap Kejadian Ulkus Kaki Diabetes. Jurnal kesehatan masyarakat 6(1),349-356.
Basri. (2020). Hubungan Antara Obesitas Dengan Komplikasi Penyakit Diabetes Melitus Pada Pasien Di RSUD Kota Subulusalam. Jurnal Ners Indonesia. 6(2), 1–7.
Bijelic, R., Balaban, J., Milicevic, S., & Sipka, S. U. (2020). The Association of Obesity and Microvascular Complications with Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina), 74(1), 14–18.
Chan, J., Chee, M. L., Tan, N., Cheng, C. Y., Wong, T. Y., & Sabanayagam, C. (2018). Differential effect of body mass index on the incidence of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in two Asian populations. Nutrition & diabetes, 8(1), 16.
Decroli, E. (2019). Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Padang: Pusat Penerbitan Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas.
Entika, R. H.(2017). Hubungan Status Gizi dan Sindrom Metabolik Dengan Kejadian Komplikasi Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 Rawat Jalan di RSUD Dr Moewardi. Skripsi. Sukarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Goyal R, Jialal I. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. 2020 May 28. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan–. PMID: 30020625.
Handoko., Setyo Sri Rahardjo., Bhisma Murti. (2018). "Predictors of Macro and Microvascular Complication in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta." Indonesian Journal of Medicine, 3(1), pp. 1-13.
Harris, C. M., Abougergi, m, S., & Wright, S. (2018). Clinical outcomes among morbidly obese patients hospitalized with diabetic foot complications.
Hu, F., & Zhang, T. (2020). Study on Risk Factors of Diabetic Nephropathy in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. International journal of general medicine, 13, 351–360.
Hu, J., Yang, S., Zhang, A., Yang, P., Cao, X., Li, X., Goswami, R., Wang, Y., Luo, T., Liao, K., Cheng, Q., Xiao, X., & Li, Q. (2016). Abdominal Obesity Is More Closely Associated With Diabetic Kidney Disease Than General Obesity. Diabetes care, 39(10), e179–e180.
Kittiskulnam, P., Thokanit, N. S., Katavetin, P., Susanthitaphong, P., Srisawat, N., Praditpornsilpa, K., Tungsanga, K., & Eiam-Ong, S. (2018). The magnitude of obesity and metabolic syndrome among diabetic chronic kidney disease population: A nationwide study. PloS one, 13(5), e0196332.
Li, W., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Horswell, R., Zhang, Y., Zhao, W., Wang, Y., Johnson, J., & Hu, G. (2015). Body mass index and stroke risk among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Stroke, 46(1), 164–169.
Li, Y., Fan, X., Li, C., Zhi, X., Peng, L., Han, H., & Sun, B. (2018). The relationships among hyperuricemia, body mass index and impaired renal function in type 2 diabetic patients. Endocrine journal, 65(3), 281–290.
Lockwood, C., & Oh, E. G. (2017). Systematic reviews : Guidelines , tools and checklists for authors. Nursing and Health Sciences, 273–277.
Lou, J., Jing, L., Yang, H., Qin, F., Long, W., & Shi, R. (2019). Risk factors for diabetic nephropathy complications in community patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Shanghai: Logistic regression and classification tree model analysis. The International journal of health planning and management, 34(3), 1013–1024.
Man, R. E., Sabanayagam, C., Chiang, P. P., Li, L. J., Noonan, J. E., Wang, J. J., Wong, T. Y., Cheung, G. C., Tan, G. S., & Lamoureux, E. L. (2016). Differential Association of Generalized and Abdominal Obesity With Diabetic Retinopathy in Asian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. JAMA ophthalmology, 134(3), 251–257.
Mariam, T. G., Alemayehu, A., Tesfaye, E., Mequannt, W., Temesgen, K., Yetwale, F., & Limenih, M. A. (2017). Prevalence of Diabetic Foot Ulcer and Associated Factors among Adult Diabetic Patients Who Attend the Diabetic Follow-Up Clinic at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, North West Ethiopia, 2016: Institutional-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of diabetes research, 2017, 2879249.
Mulyasari, I., Purbowati. (2018). Lingkar lengan atas dan panjang ulna sebagai parameter antropometri untuk memperkirakan berat badan dan tinggi badan orang dewasa. Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition), 7(1), 30–36.
Mustafa, A. Hi., Widhu, P., Chatarina, U. W. (2016). Determinan Epidemiologi Kejadiaan Ulkus Kaki Diabetik Pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus di RSUD Dr. Chasan Boesoirie dan Diabetes Center Ternate. Jurnal Wiyata 3(1).
Musyafirah, D., Rismayanti., Ansar, J. (2016). Hubungan ketepatan diet dan Kejadian Obesitas dengan Kadar Gula Darah Puasa Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dengan Komplikasi. Jurnal Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Hasanuddin
Nursalam. (2020). Penulis Literature Review Dan Systematic Review Pada Pendidikan Kesehatan. Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Airlangga.
Par’i, H., Wiyono, S., Harjatmo, T.P.(2017). Penilaian Gizi. Indonesia: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia. Pedoman Pengelolaan Dan Pencegahan Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 Dewasa Di Indonesia (1 (ed.)). PB PERKENI. Jakarta 2019:7-93.
Pesulima, M., Putri, I, R, R., Khodriyati, N, S. (2018). Hubungan status nutrisi (IMT) dengan derajat ulkus diabetik di RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul. Yogyakarta : University Student Alma Ata.
Purnamasari, D. (2014). Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid II Edisi VI. Jakarta: Interna Publishing.
Purwandari, H. (2014). Hubungan Obesitas Dengan Kadar Gula Darah Pada Karyawan Di RS Tingkat IV Madiun. Jurnal Efektor. 01 (25) , 65–72.
Raum, P., Lamparter, J., Ponto, K. A., Peto, T., Hoehn, R., Schulz, A., Schneider, A., Wild, P. S., Pfeiffer, N., & Mirshahi, A. (2015). Prevalence and Cardiovascular Associations of Diabetic Retinopathy and Maculopathy: Results from the Gutenberg Health Study. PloS one, 10(6), e0127188.
Rina,. Setyawan, H., Nugroho, H., Hadisaputro, S., Pemayun, T, G, D. (2016). Faktor-faktor risiko kejadian kaki deabetik pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas. 1(2), 48-60.
Rini, S. (2015). Sindrom Metabolik. J Majority. 4(4), 88-93
Sarrafan-Chaharsoughi, Z., Manaviat, M. R., Namiranian, N., Yazdian-Anari, P., & Rahmanian, M. (2018). Is there a relationship between body mass index and diabetic retinopathy in type II diabetic patients? A cross sectional study. Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders, 17(1), 63–69.
Sapra A, Bhandari P. Diabetes Mellitus. [Updated 2020 Jun 7]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-.
Stanifer, J. W., Cleland, C. R., Makuka, G. J., Egger, J. R., Maro, V., Maro, H., Karia, F., Patel, U. D., Burton, M. J., & Philippin, H. (2016). Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Complications of Diabetes in the Kilimanjaro Region: A Population-Based Study from Tanzania. PloS one, 11(10), e0164428.
Tanaka, S., Tanaka, S., Iimuro, S., Ishibashi, S., Yamashita, H., Moriya, T., Katayama, S., Akanuma, Y., Ohashi, Y., Yamada, N., Araki, A., Ito, H., Sone, H., & Japan Diabetes Complications Study Group (2016). Maximum BMI and microvascular complications in a cohort of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: the Japan Diabetes Complications Study. Journal of diabetes and its complications, 30(5), 790–797.
Tatiana, M., Santosa, H., Ashar, T. (2017). Hubungan Imt Pada Dm Tipe Ii Dengan Kejadian Disfungsi Seksual Pada Wanita Usia Subur (15-49 Tahun)Di Puskesmas Bromo Medan. Jurnal Muara Sains, Teknologi, Kedokteran, dan Ilmu Kesehatan. 1(2). 74-79.
Tini, (2018). Hubungan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dengan resiko kaki diabetik pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Jurnal Husada Mahakam. 4(6). 344-351.
Tursinawati, Y., Kartikadewi, A., Nuriyah, K., Setyoko., Yuniastuti, A. (2020). Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dengan Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 Etnis Jawa. Jurnal Kesehatan. 11(2). 197-203
Thomas, G., Khunti, K., Curcin, V., Molokhia, M., Millett, C., Majeed, A., Paul, S. (2014). Obesity Paradox in People Newly Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes with and ehitout Prior Cardiovascular Disease. A Journal of Farmacology and Therapeutics. 16(4), 317–325.
Tjandrawinata. (2016). Patogenesis Diabetes Tipe 2 : Resistensi Insulin dan Defisiensi Insulin. Dexa Medica Group, February, 1–4.
Wan, H., Wang, Y., Xiang, Q. et al. (2020). Associations between abdominal obesity indices and diabetic complications: Chinese visceral adiposity index and neck circumference. Cardiovasc Diabetol 19, 118.
Wu, Y., Ding, Y., Tanaka, Y., Zhang, W. Risk Factors Contributing to Type 2 Diabetes and Recent Advances in the Treatment and Prevention. International Journal of Medical Sciences.. 11(11):1185-1200.
Yeboah, K., Puplampu, P., Yorke, E., Antwi, D. A., Gyan, B., & Amoah, A. G. (2016). Body composition and ankle-brachial index in Ghanaians with asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease in a tertiary hospital. BMC obesity, 3, 27.
Zhang, Y., Guo, Y., Shen, X., Zhao, F., & Yan, S. (2019). Lower body mass index is not of more benefit for diabetic complications. Journal of diabetes investigation, 10(5), 1307–1317.
Al-Rubeaan, K., Abu El-Asrar, A. M., Youssef, A. M., Subhani, S. N., Ahmad, N. A., Al-Sharqawi, A. H., et all. (2015). Diabetic retinopathy and its risk factors in a society with a type 2 diabetes epidemic: a Saudi National Diabetes Registry-based study. Acta ophthalmologica, 93(2), e140–e147.
Amilia, Y., Saraswati, L, D., (2018). Hubungan Pengetahuan, Dukungan Keluarga Serta Perilaku Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Terhadap Kejadian Ulkus Kaki Diabetes. Jurnal kesehatan masyarakat 6(1),349-356.
Basri. (2020). Hubungan Antara Obesitas Dengan Komplikasi Penyakit Diabetes Melitus Pada Pasien Di RSUD Kota Subulusalam. Jurnal Ners Indonesia. 6(2), 1–7.
Bijelic, R., Balaban, J., Milicevic, S., & Sipka, S. U. (2020). The Association of Obesity and Microvascular Complications with Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina), 74(1), 14–18.
Chan, J., Chee, M. L., Tan, N., Cheng, C. Y., Wong, T. Y., & Sabanayagam, C. (2018). Differential effect of body mass index on the incidence of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in two Asian populations. Nutrition & diabetes, 8(1), 16.
Decroli, E. (2019). Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Padang: Pusat Penerbitan Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas.
Entika, R. H.(2017). Hubungan Status Gizi dan Sindrom Metabolik Dengan Kejadian Komplikasi Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 Rawat Jalan di RSUD Dr Moewardi. Skripsi. Sukarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Goyal R, Jialal I. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. 2020 May 28. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan–. PMID: 30020625.
Handoko., Setyo Sri Rahardjo., Bhisma Murti. (2018). "Predictors of Macro and Microvascular Complication in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta." Indonesian Journal of Medicine, 3(1), pp. 1-13.
Harris, C. M., Abougergi, m, S., & Wright, S. (2018). Clinical outcomes among morbidly obese patients hospitalized with diabetic foot complications.
Hu, F., & Zhang, T. (2020). Study on Risk Factors of Diabetic Nephropathy in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. International journal of general medicine, 13, 351–360.
Hu, J., Yang, S., Zhang, A., Yang, P., Cao, X., Li, X., Goswami, R., Wang, Y., Luo, T., Liao, K., Cheng, Q., Xiao, X., & Li, Q. (2016). Abdominal Obesity Is More Closely Associated With Diabetic Kidney Disease Than General Obesity. Diabetes care, 39(10), e179–e180.
Kittiskulnam, P., Thokanit, N. S., Katavetin, P., Susanthitaphong, P., Srisawat, N., Praditpornsilpa, K., Tungsanga, K., & Eiam-Ong, S. (2018). The magnitude of obesity and metabolic syndrome among diabetic chronic kidney disease population: A nationwide study. PloS one, 13(5), e0196332.
Li, W., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Horswell, R., Zhang, Y., Zhao, W., Wang, Y., Johnson, J., & Hu, G. (2015). Body mass index and stroke risk among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Stroke, 46(1), 164–169.
Li, Y., Fan, X., Li, C., Zhi, X., Peng, L., Han, H., & Sun, B. (2018). The relationships among hyperuricemia, body mass index and impaired renal function in type 2 diabetic patients. Endocrine journal, 65(3), 281–290.
Lockwood, C., & Oh, E. G. (2017). Systematic reviews : Guidelines , tools and checklists for authors. Nursing and Health Sciences, 273–277.
Lou, J., Jing, L., Yang, H., Qin, F., Long, W., & Shi, R. (2019). Risk factors for diabetic nephropathy complications in community patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Shanghai: Logistic regression and classification tree model analysis. The International journal of health planning and management, 34(3), 1013–1024.
Man, R. E., Sabanayagam, C., Chiang, P. P., Li, L. J., Noonan, J. E., Wang, J. J., Wong, T. Y., Cheung, G. C., Tan, G. S., & Lamoureux, E. L. (2016). Differential Association of Generalized and Abdominal Obesity With Diabetic Retinopathy in Asian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. JAMA ophthalmology, 134(3), 251–257.
Mariam, T. G., Alemayehu, A., Tesfaye, E., Mequannt, W., Temesgen, K., Yetwale, F., & Limenih, M. A. (2017). Prevalence of Diabetic Foot Ulcer and Associated Factors among Adult Diabetic Patients Who Attend the Diabetic Follow-Up Clinic at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, North West Ethiopia, 2016: Institutional-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of diabetes research, 2017, 2879249.
Mulyasari, I., Purbowati. (2018). Lingkar lengan atas dan panjang ulna sebagai parameter antropometri untuk memperkirakan berat badan dan tinggi badan orang dewasa. Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition), 7(1), 30–36.
Mustafa, A. Hi., Widhu, P., Chatarina, U. W. (2016). Determinan Epidemiologi Kejadiaan Ulkus Kaki Diabetik Pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus di RSUD Dr. Chasan Boesoirie dan Diabetes Center Ternate. Jurnal Wiyata 3(1).
Musyafirah, D., Rismayanti., Ansar, J. (2016). Hubungan ketepatan diet dan Kejadian Obesitas dengan Kadar Gula Darah Puasa Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dengan Komplikasi. Jurnal Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Hasanuddin
Nursalam. (2020). Penulis Literature Review Dan Systematic Review Pada Pendidikan Kesehatan. Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Airlangga.
Par’i, H., Wiyono, S., Harjatmo, T.P.(2017). Penilaian Gizi. Indonesia: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia. Pedoman Pengelolaan Dan Pencegahan Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 Dewasa Di Indonesia (1 (ed.)). PB PERKENI. Jakarta 2019:7-93.
Pesulima, M., Putri, I, R, R., Khodriyati, N, S. (2018). Hubungan status nutrisi (IMT) dengan derajat ulkus diabetik di RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul. Yogyakarta : University Student Alma Ata.
Purnamasari, D. (2014). Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid II Edisi VI. Jakarta: Interna Publishing.
Purwandari, H. (2014). Hubungan Obesitas Dengan Kadar Gula Darah Pada Karyawan Di RS Tingkat IV Madiun. Jurnal Efektor. 01 (25) , 65–72.
Raum, P., Lamparter, J., Ponto, K. A., Peto, T., Hoehn, R., Schulz, A., Schneider, A., Wild, P. S., Pfeiffer, N., & Mirshahi, A. (2015). Prevalence and Cardiovascular Associations of Diabetic Retinopathy and Maculopathy: Results from the Gutenberg Health Study. PloS one, 10(6), e0127188.
Rina,. Setyawan, H., Nugroho, H., Hadisaputro, S., Pemayun, T, G, D. (2016). Faktor-faktor risiko kejadian kaki deabetik pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas. 1(2), 48-60.
Rini, S. (2015). Sindrom Metabolik. J Majority. 4(4), 88-93
Sarrafan-Chaharsoughi, Z., Manaviat, M. R., Namiranian, N., Yazdian-Anari, P., & Rahmanian, M. (2018). Is there a relationship between body mass index and diabetic retinopathy in type II diabetic patients? A cross sectional study. Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders, 17(1), 63–69.
Sapra A, Bhandari P. Diabetes Mellitus. [Updated 2020 Jun 7]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-.
Stanifer, J. W., Cleland, C. R., Makuka, G. J., Egger, J. R., Maro, V., Maro, H., Karia, F., Patel, U. D., Burton, M. J., & Philippin, H. (2016). Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Complications of Diabetes in the Kilimanjaro Region: A Population-Based Study from Tanzania. PloS one, 11(10), e0164428.
Tanaka, S., Tanaka, S., Iimuro, S., Ishibashi, S., Yamashita, H., Moriya, T., Katayama, S., Akanuma, Y., Ohashi, Y., Yamada, N., Araki, A., Ito, H., Sone, H., & Japan Diabetes Complications Study Group (2016). Maximum BMI and microvascular complications in a cohort of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: the Japan Diabetes Complications Study. Journal of diabetes and its complications, 30(5), 790–797.
Tatiana, M., Santosa, H., Ashar, T. (2017). Hubungan Imt Pada Dm Tipe Ii Dengan Kejadian Disfungsi Seksual Pada Wanita Usia Subur (15-49 Tahun)Di Puskesmas Bromo Medan. Jurnal Muara Sains, Teknologi, Kedokteran, dan Ilmu Kesehatan. 1(2). 74-79.
Tini, (2018). Hubungan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dengan resiko kaki diabetik pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Jurnal Husada Mahakam. 4(6). 344-351.
Tursinawati, Y., Kartikadewi, A., Nuriyah, K., Setyoko., Yuniastuti, A. (2020). Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dengan Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 Etnis Jawa. Jurnal Kesehatan. 11(2). 197-203
Thomas, G., Khunti, K., Curcin, V., Molokhia, M., Millett, C., Majeed, A., Paul, S. (2014). Obesity Paradox in People Newly Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes with and ehitout Prior Cardiovascular Disease. A Journal of Farmacology and Therapeutics. 16(4), 317–325.
Tjandrawinata. (2016). Patogenesis Diabetes Tipe 2 : Resistensi Insulin dan Defisiensi Insulin. Dexa Medica Group, February, 1–4.
Wan, H., Wang, Y., Xiang, Q. et al. (2020). Associations between abdominal obesity indices and diabetic complications: Chinese visceral adiposity index and neck circumference. Cardiovasc Diabetol 19, 118.
Wu, Y., Ding, Y., Tanaka, Y., Zhang, W. Risk Factors Contributing to Type 2 Diabetes and Recent Advances in the Treatment and Prevention. International Journal of Medical Sciences.. 11(11):1185-1200.
Yeboah, K., Puplampu, P., Yorke, E., Antwi, D. A., Gyan, B., & Amoah, A. G. (2016). Body composition and ankle-brachial index in Ghanaians with asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease in a tertiary hospital. BMC obesity, 3, 27.
Zhang, Y., Guo, Y., Shen, X., Zhao, F., & Yan, S. (2019). Lower body mass index is not of more benefit for diabetic complications. Journal of diabetes investigation, 10(5), 1307–1317.
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