SYSTEMATIC REVIEW TENTANG DISTRIBUSI M. TUBERCULOSIS GENOTIP BEIJING PADA PASIEN TUBERCULOSIS PARU
Abstract
Nama: Yedial Dwi Putra Simangunsong
Program Studi : Kedokteran
Judul : Systematic review tentang Distribusi Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genotip Beijing Pada Pasien Tuberculosis Paru
Tuberkulosis atau TB adalah suatu penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberkulosis masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang menjadi tantangan global. TB sendiri memiliki banyak genotip secara genetic yang penting antara lain Haarlem, W/Beijing, Latino-American dan Mediterranean (LAM), Central Asian (CAS) dan East-African-Indian (EAI). Diantara genotip-genotip diatas, Beijing merupakan genotip yang bertanggung jawab atas terjadinya epidemic TB. Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotip Beijing ini pertama kali ditemukan di China dan merupakan negara dengan salah satu persebaran genotip Beijing terbesar yang ada di dunia. Systematic review ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi dari Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotip Beijing dan mencari hubungan dengan usia dan resisten obat. Systematic review ini dilakukan dengan pencarian studi pada database atau search engine yang dapat dicari di Google Scholar, Pubmed, atau Reseacrh Gate, dalam Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Inggris. Hasil pencarian telah diperoleh sebanyak 75 studi dan tersisa 30 studi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil dari pencarian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotip Beijing tertinggi berada di Asia dengan negara China sebagai negara dengan penderita terbanyak diikuti oleh negara Asia tenggara seperti Vietnam. Hasil penelitian studi yang membahas tentang hubungan dengan usia 50% menunjukkan adanya signifikansi, hubungan dengan resistensi obat menunjukkan tidak ada nya signifikasi dari studi yang membahas tentang resistensi obat. Disimpulkan bahwa distribusi Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotip Beijing memiliki 23,7% pasien dengan persebaran tertinggi berada di benua Asia, banyak didapatkan pada pasien dengan usia yang produktif dan lebih beresiko untuk mengalami resistensi obat karena adanya mutasi.
Kata Kunci : Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotip Beijing, usia, resisten obat
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